Importance of Contract Formation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance of Contract Formation - Term Paper Example Any offer, forming these elements, is legally binding. The right of the contracting parties is to get the contract fulfilled in their favor, and to perform only those acts as obligations, which are mentioned in a contract, and not more or less than that. That is how, the formation of a contract, with its essential elements, becomes very significant. Simply defined in law, ‘a contract is an agreement or a promise, enforceable by law, which has the power and capacity to be legally binding’. It is between two or more parties. It could be oral, in writing, through electronic means, or a combination of one or more of these means of a contract. Contract law is based on the principle that is expressed in the Latin phrase, ‘pacta stunt servanda’, which means, ‘agreements are to be kept’. There could be many kinds of contracts such as a sales contract, a partnership contract, a mortgage contract, a rental contract or a marriage contract. Business contracts are considered to be in writing, essentially, to be legally valid. â€Å"Social contracts have long been characterized as appealing to either actual consent or Ideas for legitimacy. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, however, appeals to both, hence gaining the benefits of two approaches.†. Contracts have been used to shape and regularize personal and family matters also, since long. â€Å"Contract has long been used to shape and facilitate non-commercial, personal or family relations. Casebooks are replete with examples of ‘bait promises’.†   Intention to create a legal relationship, which means that both or all the parties to contract must have an intention to enter into a legal relationship. This intention could be express or through conduct but it is considered better if the intention is mentioned expressly in the contract.  

War on Terrorism Essay Example for Free

War on Terrorism Essay During the year 1998, a group of American ‘neoconservatives’ openly wrote to President Clinton to attack Iraq. This group was known as the Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf. They were in real sense calling for the Americans to form part of a proxy army of attack for Israel. The signatories included Paul Wolforitz, Richard Perle and Eliot Abrams among others. Of course Clinton resisted these ventures and instead indicated support for the Iraq Liberation Act providing $ 97 million for training and equipping Iraqi exile groups. Come 2000, this particular group went ahead to organize the think tank the Project for the New American Century con cofounded by the likes of Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Lewis Libby and Paul Wolforwitz (Flum, 2008). A Break with Previous United States Foreign and Defense Policy During this time, three think tanks which were pro-Israel were championing similar ideas: The Jewish Institute for national Security Affairs (JINSA), The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), as well as the Center for Security Policy (CSP). These neoconservatives formed an integral part of the Bush 2000 presidential campaign as foreign-policy advisors (Flum, 2008). At this point in time, these powerful personalities easily influenced Bush with the ideological obsessions they had. What can be said here is that the Operation Iraqi Freedom, a description given to the invasion and occupation of Iraq by the U. S and affiliates represents a new dimension with regards to post-conflict humanitarian action. This new approach integrates security, humanitarian response, reconstruction as well as governance under the umbrella of the Department of Defense. The war on terrorism represents a break with previous United States foreign and defense policy to the extent that the UN agencies and non governmental organizations which conventionally had coordinated and implemented humanitarian assistance as well as post conflict reconstruction activities, are now relegated only to playing supportive roles within efforts supervised from the Pentagon (Charny, 2003). Again the war on terrorism represents a break with previous United States foreign and defense policy to the extent that the Iraq war is perceived as an expression of a new national security policy of pre-emptive self defense by the Bush administration (Charny, 2003). In spite of this new perception, it has there seems to be no public discussion of the long-term implications of the new approach to humanitarian assistance and post-conflict reconstruction the administration has embraced. Still, this break with the previous U. S foreign and defense policy is evident in the way humanitarian assistance has been militarized, the military given political, diplomatic and humanitarian responsibilities as well as the fact that donor government and independent agency contributions have been minimized. It has been argued that it is unclear the extent to which these new approaches can be considered new U. S doctrines more so regarding humanitarian emergencies. A discussion concerning NGO’s with Joseph Collins, the assistant secretary of Defense and the person charged with running the pentagon’s Stability Office clearly suggests that at least in the meantime, the Department of Defense will lead humanitarian operations in emergencies surrounding the military. According to Dr. Collins, the taking over of the humanitarian and reconstruction activities in the post-conflict Iraq by the Pentagon is a reflection of the assessment of lessons learned from post-conflict reconstruction efforts (Charny, 2003). In the opinion of Dr Collins, there lacked a clear overall authority who could coordinate the diverse players like the government leaders, UN agencies and personnel, as well as the peacekeeping forces among others, thereby plaguing the efforts in Kosovo and Afghanistan. Following those events, the conclusion of the Pentagon was that there was a need for a single unit to command all the aspects of the post-conflict response, thus placing these activities in the hands of the Department of Defense (Charny, 2003). This is a further illustration of the way the war on terrorism represents a break with previous United States foreign and defense policy. Conclusion In the final analysis, all these attempts represent a radical shift in the multicultural character of post-conflict endeavors over the past years in areas like Cambodia, East Timor, Afghanistan and the Balkans. It therefore means that the war on terrorism represents a break with previous United States foreign and defense policy. It should be noted however that this approach has not yielded positive results in Iraq. The Pentagon’s Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA) did not include the UN and the NGO’s during its pre-war planning. The overall implication for this has been the ORHA’s slowness in restoring basic services as well as its failure to establish a legitimate Iraqi authority to locally run the state (Charny, 2003). References Charny, J. R. (2003). The United States in Iraq: An Experiment With Unilateral Humanitarianism. Institute for Policy Studies, (IPS); Foreign Policy in Focus, Washington DC. Retrieved December 29, 2008 from http://www. fpif. org/commentary/2003/0306dodreconst_body. html Flum, P. (2008). The Origins of the Iraqi War: The ‘Neoconservative’ Agenda for Middle East Conflict. Linpage Place, St. Louis. Retrieved December 29, 2008 from http://www. goalsforamericans. org/2004/07/07/the-origins-of-the-iraq-war-the-neoconservative-agenda-for-middle-east-conflict/

Students at Risk and the Digital Divide :: essays papers

Students at Risk and the Digital Divide As the world advances in technology, there are many benefits and disadvantages. In the school systems, students profit from having use of more technology. Then there are schools that have this technology and schools that don’t. There are classes that have it and classes that don’t. There are students in the same class that have access to various forms of technology and others that don’t have that luxury. There is not a definition of students at risk, but rather common characteristics: (a) children/youths from families living in poverty, (b) children/youths with different backgrounds (e.g., experiences, education, and origins), (c) children/youths of color, and (c) children/youths from limited English-speaking families (Davis & McCaul, 1990). Low achievement, poor attendance, low economic status, and attendance at schools with large numbers of students living in poverty contribute to the likelihood of not earning a high school diploma. But students at risk ar e also characterized as students who are likely to leave school without the necessary skills to succeed academically, socially, or vocationally in today's society. These students become victims in the sense that the likelihood of reaching their full potential is diminished. The digital divide is a problem that these students at risk face. It is a divide among household computer and internet access by race/ ethnicity, income, education, location, and disability. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the inequities that exist with respect to children's educational technological opportunities (Means, 1997). Relationship between Poverty and Students at Risk There is a link between poverty and students at risk. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2005) defines poverty is defined as â€Å"a human condition characterized by the sustained or chronic deprivation of the resources, capabilities, choices, security and power necessary for the enjoyment of an adequate standard of living and other civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights.† 1 billion children live in poverty, which are 1 in 2 children in the world. The price these children pay for being born poor is enormous. Carta (1991) cites several sources indicating that low-SES (socio- economic status) children living in inner cities are much more likely to have educationally damaging circumstances as part of their life experiences than are higher SES children. The dangers these children could suffer include prenatal exposure to drugs and AIDS, low birth weight, poor nutrition, lead exposure, and personal injuries and accidents.

Corruption in Colombia Essay

There has been a four-decade long conflict between government forces and anti-government groups, such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) who are funded by the drug trade, has escalated over the years. Since about 2002 the violence has decreased a slit amount because of the lack of the military and popular support necessary to overthrow the government. However these groups of insurgents have continued to attack civilians. Large areas around Columbia are under the revolutionary influence. By the end of 2006, more than 31,000 former governments’ officials had ceased to function as long as the formal organization the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC). When this occurred criminal groups arose and members included former government officials. The Colombia Government has made efforts to advance government control throughout the country. In order to understand how corruption is affecting Colombia, we must first examine concrete economical statistics. The Colombian Peso exchange rate depreciated 6. 64 percent against the US Dollar during the last 12 months. The Colombian Peso spot exchange rate specifies how much one currency, the USD, is currently worth in terms of the other, the COP. While the Colombian Peso spot exchange rate is quoted and exchanged in the same day, the Colombian Peso forward rate is quoted today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date. Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar: 1,869. 9 (2010) 2,157. 6 (2009) 2,243. 6 (2008) 2,013. 8 (2007) 2,358. 6 (2006) According to the CIA World Factbook, Colombia is ranked 59th in exports and 54th in imports. In May of 2011 Colombia exports were worth 4704 Million USD and imports were worth 4931 Million USD. Their major exports are petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, gold and, nontraditional exports. Their major imports are industrial and transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, and electricity. The total population in Colombia was last reported at 45. 9 million people in 2010 from 16. 0 million in 1960, changing 187 percent during the last 50 years. Colombia has 0. 67 percent of the world? s total population which means that one person in every 150 people on the planet is a resident of Colombia. The unemployment rate in Columbia from 2000 until 2010 averaged at 14. 7 percent. The highest percentage was in January of 2001 when it was 20. 99 percent. The lowest percentage was in November of 2007 when it was 8. 91 percent. Labor force is the number of people employed plus the number unemployed but seeking work. The non-labor force is those who are not looking for work, those who are institutionalized, and those serving in the military. According to the World Bank, the Colombia Gross Domestic Product is worth 288 billion dollars or 0. 46% of the world economy. Colombia’s average GDP was 60. 55 billion dollars and reached the highest dollars in December of 2010. Colombia is a free market economy with major commercial and investment ties to The United States. Transition from a highly regulated economy has been underway for more than 15 years. Colombia’s average annual economic growth rate was of over 5% from 2002 to 2007. The inflation rate in Colombia was last reported at 3. 3 percent in August of 2011. Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. The most well-known measures of Inflation are the CPI which measures consumer prices, and the GDP deflator, which measures inflation in the whole of the domestic economy. Corruption’s negative impact on Colombian Foreign Direct Investment is reflected by the poor image of Colombian government by its citizens. The Colombian government, although less developed and more corrupt, is structured similarly to the United States’ government. However unstable it may be, it is a republic and consists of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. Also like the United States, Colombia is dominated by two major political parties, the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party. Because of the natural radicalism of the two parties, two major civil wars have resulted from their existence, The Thousand Days War and La Violencia. The Thousand Days War is a prime example of how the corruption of the Colombian government has made Foreign Direct Investment a very difficult achievement for Colombia. The Thousand Days War was a civil war fought between the Conservative Party of Colombia and the Liberal Party of Colombia, sparked by corruption. In 1898, Conservative Party member Manuel Antonio Sanclement, was elected president of Colombia. This was very controversial because it was believed that significant election fraud had made this possible. As Sanclement was an adamant Liberal Party oppose, the Colombian Liberal Party waged war. The war, which lasted 4 years, claimed an estimated 100,000 lives. As devastating of a loss as 100,000 people is, the worst outcome of The Thousand Days War may be that it did little to resolve the extreme differences between the Liberal and Conservative Parties of Colombia. The Thousand Days War was soon followed by a second civil war more commonly known as La Violencia. La Violencia was also a war founded on corruption. It was sparked by the assassination of the Liberal Party leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. After the assassination in 1948, Conservative Party leader Laureano Gomez, was the uncontested elected president in 1950. Under Gomez’s power, there was an increased rate of violence, specifically by the liberals of Colombia who were very upset about Gomez’s rise to power. Gomez was overthrown by a military coup led by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilpla in 1953. However, Rojas proved to be just as corrupt his predecessor and was soon overthrown by the Colombian military, with the support of both the Conservative and Liberal parties. La Violencia, a time properly named after and extreme period of violence and conflict, lasted from 1946 to 1957. Within that timespan it claimed an estimated 300,000 Colombian lives. The following chart shows the number of Colombian citizens who are murdered per 100,000 people by year. What is more concerning than its high rates, is that it continued to increase even after La Violencia. These extreme rates of murder and frequent conflicts are heavily dependent on the poor image citizens have of the Colombian government. There is a lack of trust in the Colombian government. Historically, governmental corruption is common practice in Colombia, just as it is a frequent occurrence that violent rebellions and civil wars take place in order to transfer power between the two political parties. This poor government infrastructure and lack of control allows corruption to run wild in Colombia making it a very difficult place for Foreign Direct Investment. This poor image of government in Colombia did not see much improvement after La Violencia. Another violent problem emerged with narco-terrorism. Colombia has become notorious for its cocaine production. In 2008, Colombia was the sources of 50% of the world’s cocaine. It is an industry which is very frequently held out violently, leading to what is known as narco-terrorism. In 1990, three presidential candidates were killed by narco-terrorists. With the rise of drug trafficking in Colombia, it appears that narco-terrorists have more control than the Colombian government. Although Colombian government has always struggled with corruption, there have recently been many signs of improvement towards a better country for Foreign Direct Investment. Within the past decade, several laws have been passed to weaken drug cartels and strengthen governmental control. From 2002 to 2008 Colombia has seen a decrease in many historically struggling areas. Its homicide rate dropped 44%, its kidnapping rates dropped 88%, its terrorist attacks dropped 79% and its attacks on country’s infrastructure dropped 60%. These tremendous improvements show an increase in governmental authority in Colombia. If Colombia can continue to improve in these areas and demonstrate that its government can have more control over its people, without corruption, it will become a much better candidate for Foreign Direct Investment. In August 2010, President Santos, introduced a legislation that would distribute industry incomes to Columbians who have lost their land due to violence. He also is trying to make improvements through domestic security. Columbia is third largest exporter of oil to the United States. Foreign direct investment from 2008 to 2009 went from $10 billion to $7. 2 billion. Even though records show that it has dropped $2. 8 billion, in 2010 it began to recover their losses through the oil sector. Because of their financial crisis the economy didn’t grow significant amount till 2010 then it grew 4. %. Before that the growth was a low percentage. With the challenges that Colombia’s faces it requires major improvement to sustain economic expansion. The outrageous amount of corruption in Colombia is hindering its economy and stopping it from becoming a safe and stable country. Although it is one of the oldest democracies in Latin America, Colombia has some of the most corrupt elections. An estimated 130,000 candidates are running for election at the local, regional, and national levels. 10% of these candidates have proven criminal records. About a third of their senate is currently under investigation for parapolitics and many of which are already in jail. The corrupt election are stopping Colombia from having a stable government which is stopping foreign investors from taking the risk of putting money into Columbia, meaning less jobs and poorer quality of life for the average Colombian. In 2005 the parapolitics scandal was uncovered and left the Colombian senate in chaos. The Colombian senate seats 102, and with 51 senators now being investigated and 29 in jail, they are virtually paralyzed. As each senator is arrested, it delays the agenda for legislation even more. Paramilitary leaders have confessed to hundreds of thousands of crimes including murders, abductions, rapes, narcotics, and extortion. They have also confessed to backing many politicians in an attempt to be protected outside of the law. Many members of the former president of Colombia, President Alvaro Uribe’s party were arrested for parapolitics showing the world how unstable the Colombian government is. One of the arrested politicians includes the president’s cousin Mario Uribe who has had very close ties to the president both family-wise and politically. This influenced the United States greatly and in 2007 a package of military aid destined for Colombia from the United States was blocked in the U. S. senate because of fear of election corruption. Colombia depends on the U. S. greatly, as it is number 3 in the world for U. S. military aid. The aid is used to assist in fighting the drug war and without it; more violence and corruption will take place. Paramilitary has a huge effect on the elections conducted in Columbia. There are around 20,000 paramilitary fighters in the country all growing from their creation in the 1980’s. In 2010 armed groups killed over two dozen candidates running for election and at the same time they invested large sums of money to fund their own candidates’ campaigns. Along with bribing people to run for them, these armed groups will also pay the public for individual votes. This can be as much as $40 per person in some places. Other times they will also use sheer military force to intimidate the public into voting for them. Many of the jailed parapoliticians have others running in their place as puppets while they are still in jail. Caracol news agency reported that 18 of the candidates in 2010 were â€Å"political front men† for ex-senators. There was an increase in the amount of women running for election which usually is considered a good thing. The truth is that the ones with the best chance for election were being backed by paramilitary families in an attempt to keep seats lost by jailed parapoliticians. The other big problem in Colombia its enormous drug trade and the negative effect it has on the economy. Columbia is the world’s largest cocaine producer and accounts for 43% of coca cultivation (the crop used to make cocaine). 0% of the cocaine found in the United States is Colombian. Combined, Colombian and Mexican drug cartels make an estimated $4. 6 billion exporting to the United States per year. Overall Columbia’s drug trade is about $10 billion / year which is equivalent to 25% of the countries legal exports. In 2008 81,000 hectares of land were being used for illegal coca cultivation. These are staggering numbers and makes you wonder, how is all of this being allowed to happen? If Colombia was not as corrupt as it is, this wouldn’t happen. Many of the drug lords use their influence and resources to pay off politicians, police, and military to turn a blind eye to their drug trade. Attempts have been made to stop this massive drug trafficking but so far it has only slowed it down. Colombia’s defense spending is now at $12 billion per year which is triple the average defense budget of other South American countries. Along with an increased defense budget, the United States has also committed an additional $6 billion since 2001 to help crackdown on the coca production. These are large sums of money that could be spent in other more productive ways. Such as, creating a better national infrastructure and creating jobs. $18 billion is a lot of money to invest in an economy, and currently they are losing all of that potential production because drugs are such a big problem. Drug trafficking and election corruption are both hurting the Colombian economy. Billions of dollars are being spent to stop the corruption but to this point there is still a great deal going on. In order for Colombia to have better production in a global economy, they must prove to the world they have a stable government, and reduce the risks associated with investing in them. Over the past few years, foreign direct investment in Colombia has been gradually increasing as their country has been fighting the corruption and violence that had been prominent. Some of the most advantageous areas for FDI are technology, fuels – such as coal, oil and natural gas — and infrastructure. One reason that fuel is a wise choice for FDI is because Colombia has much more oil than is being used by its population: This excess would allow foreign companies access to enough oil to run more plants at a cheaper cost. Infrastructure is also important because Colombia’s current ease of transportation leaves much to be desired. If a company decided to invest in Colombia’s transportation, it would draw more investors in as said transportation costs decreased. The Colombian government has been actively working to encourage local companies to develop the roadway systems across the country to attempt to make Colombia more attractive to foreign investors. While several countries are investing in Colombia, the United States is the lead investor by over 30%. It is certainly beneficial to have a strong investor, however it can be problematic for one country to control so much of Colombia’s foreign direct investment. Having investments in Colombia is helpful for the United States because Colombia is a relatively close population of cheap labor without many of the highly-regulated working conditions that are found in more developed, less corrupt countries. As a surprisingly strong investor, Anguilla contributes 20% of Colombia’s foreign direct investment. For a country whose economy is largely based on tourism, it is interesting to see their commitment to a local country that has very little tourism because of its reputation for violence, drugs and corruption. Foreign direct investment has been increasing in the recent years due to Colombia’s higher regulation of corruption and desire to control the violence in the streets. Many businesses are beginning to trust Colombia to protect their product rights and property, although Colombia is still far from stable and dependable. While crime rates are slowly decreasing in Colombia, most businesses still avoid investing in Colombia because of its reputation for extensive riots and drug wars. If Colombia can decrease their reputation for instability and corruption, they have every opportunity to successfully draw in investment and provide a safer, better future for their citizens. As stated throughout this extensive research paper, corruption can cause a country many problems. One aspect that it affects the most is trade. Countries and corporations are less attracted to corrupt governments opposed to more stable governments. According to Mauro, who analyzed 94 corrupt countries, GDP increased by four percent with a decrease of 2. 38 on his teen point scale; GDP per capita increased by . percent. Mauro contributed to the book, The State in a Changing World, World Development Report 1997. Columbia has had corruption problems for an extended period of time now. Parts of the government have tried to stop such corruption but cooperation from all parts is needed to progress. In order for Columbia to progress they must start at the root. They must analyze what causes corruption and approaches other countries took to successfully start eliminating corruption. A few of the reasons corruption is practiced are to avoid penalties for illegal actions or to get around legal regulations. One overwhelming problem in Columbia, that is no secret to most, is drug trade. Drug cultivating and trade in Columbia is evident due to its geological location and ideal climate. In order to transport these drugs and have farms some drug lords may need to pay off government officials so they can â€Å"turn their eyes† on such activities. In this case both the drug lords and government officials benefit. Corruption will be hard to fight in Columbia due to the fact that the drug industry is estimated to be valued in the billions and whenever there is such a significant amount of money on the line, people are willing to do anything. Regardless of the reason, usually it is for an individual’s personal gain, companies included. Institutional corruption usually arises when government officials have a significant amount of power but little accountability. Most of the time, the officials must have their own financial incentives in order to partake in the corruption. The more control government officials have to regulate corporations the more corruption is likely to occur. If the probability of being caught or punished is low, people will tend to risk dealing with corruption. There are two approaches that must be taken to fight corruption, the first approach must be an institutional approach and the other must be a social approach. To begin an institutional reform towards corruption, Columbia must limit authority. Columbia has a questionable democratic government. With all the corruption going on, the polls could be altered. This is where the social approach comes into play later on. There most prominent branch is the executive branch. This supports the fact that Columbia’s authorities may have too much power. Privatization is believed to be able to reduce corruption by limiting the amount of government interaction with companies. In order to be successful there must be certain regulation put into place. The only problem with this approach is that it has already been taken by Columbia, and while it did improve corruption, it was not notable enough. Columbia has gone as far as privatizing its water supply and while it had many critics at first, it turned out to be a good decision by their part due to the correct regulations put into place. Other suggestions are to increase liberalization by reducing tariffs. This will lead to officials having less access to 1bribes. Competition among public services can also reduce corruption by eliminating monopoly type organizations. By increasing accountability, corruption can be decreased. Accountability includes stricter enforcement and easier detection mechanisms. Accountability can be increased through many ways. Freedom of information legislation can help. To better explain freedom of information legislation, and example would be the Ugandan government began posting prices for services and activities such as registering a car or starting a small business. This eliminates questionable pricing and increases transparency. Another tactic to increase transparency is to implement financial disclosure among government officials. This tactic makes government officials income and assets public. Some South American countries have already began this practice; countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Government expenditures and income can also be made public for transparency purposes. This way money won’t go missing and if it does the people will know; this is known as an open budget process. Legislative oversight can benefit Columbia greatly in terms of eliminating corruption. Since Columbia must give more power to its legislative branch rather than its executive branch. A recent example has been one of Columbia’s neighbors, Brazil. The congressional impeachment of President Fernando Collor de Mello demonstrated the strength of the legislative branch. The Brazilian senate has also set up a special committee to investigate potential fraud in selling government bonds. Columbia’s senate should take initiative and also set up some sort of committee to investigate corruption charges. These methods won’t completely eliminate corruption and none will come close to even making an impact if it’s the only method used but if they are combined corruption and decrease considerably. An incentive to avoid corruption would be stricter sanction. By increasing the severity of the punishments people face a higher risk factor when participating in corrupt actions, thus leading them to think twice about their actions. Sanctions may include but are not limited to minimum sentences for taking part in corrupt activities or denying public services for any entity offering bribes, this includes people or companies. Columbia was already on somewhat of a right track when it comes to strengthening their judicial branch’s power. In 1991 Alfonso Valdivieso was appointed attorney general. In Colombia the Attorney General cannot be dismissed or reappointed and he is given investigatory powers. Valdivieso gained world recognition for prosecuting high ranking drug lords and government officials. I would recommend Columbia to ask Valdivieso for help, knowing that he is a reliable source when it comes to corruption. He can’t be Attorney General again but if special unit is formed to combat corruption, he is definitely a guy that should be taken in mind. This concludes possible ways to avoid and reduce corruption from an institutional view point, reducing corruption from a social approach is rather different. The way people are raised and their surroundings affect their views on many things including corruption. If children are raised in a corrupt environment, they will view it not only acceptable but almost necessary. It’s a top down effect where government officials and corporation leaders are at the top. They must set an example for the public to look down on corruption and not endorse it. Public Relations Campaigns can be put into effect to better inform people on the consequences and harm done by corruption that is not too clear. Campaigns can be executed through mass media, community activities or school programs. A few key points that should be emphasized are the effect that corruption has on things such as public services, investments, and inequality. All of these aspects are affected in a negative way. Columbia’s unemployment rate is 11. 8% and its Gini index is 58. 5. These numbers could improve with by decreasing corruption but this fact isn’t evident to most of the population. If people feel like they have a say in the situation and can make a change, they will be more actively supportive. These campaigns should aim towards making people feel as if every little bit of help counts. In Argentina a non-government organization was formed to inform the public about corruption. The organization consists of television and radio ads. Another positive use of media to combat corruption is investigative journalism. Investigative journalism increase transparency greatly. It helps uncover corrupt officials and acts. The truth is what drives investigative journalism rather than just a story. Investigative journalism poses a threat of being exposed towards anyone that is participating in corrupt acts. It is a risky job due to the fact that people being uncovered may have a lot of power. Workshops should be set up to train such journalist. Countries such as Uganda and Tanzania have just that. In a country like Colombia with all the guerilla forces and drug cartels, this is a very important part to investigative journalism. Journalist run the risk of being targeted, so they must be careful and smart in the ways they go about reporting and accessing their findings. Lastly Columbia could search for outside help. Help can come from individual countries or organizations. Organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank could offer guidelines to help. Both organizations are pretty much powerless but they can help establish treaties that could improve anti-corruption efforts. Individual countries that wish to invest in Columbia could also take initiative and further influence Columbian anti-corruption movements. To recap corruption is mostly if not solely negative towards Columbia’s economic development. It makes Columbia look risky to outside investors hoping to make a Federal Direct Investment. Investors prefer stability rather than turmoil. Due to its geological position, Columbia has faced drug problems for a few decades now. In order to transport these drugs and grow them, bribery and corruption is needed. Columbian citizens and officials should notice that corruptions cons outweigh the pros when it comes to the Columbian economy as a whole. Officials must lead by example and the power of the executive branch should be reduced.

Buddhism in Japan from Prehistoric to Kamakura Period

Buddhism in Japan might have been brought by early merchants traveling the Silk Road from India, to China, to Korea and to Japan. Because of the constant interaction between these countries, many Buddhist teachings and practices, particularly the Mahayana Buddhism, together with some Chinese cultural traditions became integrated with Japan’s own cultural development.At first, conflicts with Shinto belief caused delay in the spread of the Buddhist religion. Ancient Japanese people regarded Buddha as one of the kamis yet many were attracted to the beauty of its arts and the promises of concrete benefits such as â€Å"wealth and longevity†. As time went on, more and more people recognized that Buddhism has its own belief that was thought to be complementary with the existing Shinto religion, Japan’s native religion.During the Nara period, some Buddhist monasteries built around the capital Nara gained political influence in the ruling government. Because of this ambi tious and militant movement of monasteries, the government was forced to move the capital from Nara to Nagaoka (784AD) and then to Kyoto (794AD). This issue remained a problem for many centuries in the Japanese history. During the Heian Period (794-1185), many sects were grabbing popular attention over the Japanese population.These sects presented Buddhism in a way that best suited the ancient Japanese culture and tradition as seen from these three sects: Shingon sect (774-835AD) by Kukai; True Pure Land Sect (1173-1262) by Shinran; and, Lotus Hokke or Nichiren Sect (1222-1282) founded by Nichiren. The acceptance of Buddhism can be attributed from the works of these sects, which still have millions of followers as of today. In conclusion, Buddhism in Japan became popular since its core practices and teachings were complementary with Shinto religion as shown by popular Buddhist sects named above.References (â€Å"Buddhism in Japan†; , â€Å"Japanese Buddhism†, 2004; , à ¢â‚¬Å"A View on Buddhism: History of Japanese Buddhism†) Buddhism in Japan. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http://afe. easia. columbia. edu/japan/japanworkbook/religion/jbuddhis. html Japanese Buddhism. (2004). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http://www. japan-guide. com/e/e2055. html A View on Buddhism: History of Japanese Buddhism. (November 30, 2006). Retrieved April 6, 2007, from http://buddhism. kalachakranet. org/history_japanese_buddhism. html

How to Organize Your Financial Paperwork in 10 Minutes

How to Organize Your Financial Paperwork in 10 Minutes It’s almost tax time, but your desk is a nightmare zone and your financial papers are scattered everywhere. You have no idea how to pull together all your necessary documents, so you put it off- and delay your tax return!- for weeks, if not months. Here’s a 5-point plan for you to change all that. And it should only take you 10 minutes a week.1. Knowledge is powerKnowing what you need is the most important step to having an organized financial filing system. You want to keep everything just in case of an audit, but you can’t keep everything- or you’ll be buried in paper and end up a hoarder. Here’s a better system:Keep for 1 year: pay stubs, paid bills, bank records, investment statements. Once you get your W2, you can ditch the pay stubs (after you cross-check them to make sure everything is accurate). And unless you need your bills or bank statements for business purposes, you can shred those once a year.Keep for 3 years: tax returns, charitable g ift receipts, mutual fund reports, and other supporting documentation. The only exceptions are initial purchase documents of stocks or mutual funds and house records for as long as you live there or own the property.Keep for 7 years: any documents related to a loss claim for worthless securities or a bad debt deduction. And if you rely on cash tips or don’t report up to 25% of your gross income, hang on to your records for at least 6 years.  2. Make 3 foldersYou’ve thrown out what you don’t need, now it’s time to organize what you have to keep. Take three empty folders and label them: â€Å"NOW,† â€Å"10 MIN A WEEK,† and â€Å"FILE.† Leave these prominently on your desk and sort things the minute they arrive in the mail.NOW folder: bills to pay, insurance stuff, license renewals, registrations, etc. Once a week, you’ll go through it (hopefully in about 10 minutes or less) and move things into the other folders, or to the shr edder.10 MIN A WEEK folder: subscription renewals, paperwork you can’t complete on your own, etc. These are actionable (but not quite as time sensitive) items. You’ll sort this stuff once a week. Just don’t let things pile up too much from week to week!FILE folder: Everything you need for the future. This one can get pretty big, especially as the other two shrink. But you can easily move things from this folder into other financial folders in your once-a-week organizing burst.3. Sort tax documents into three sub-foldersOrganize these by year and then divide everything between Income (paystubs, records of honoraria, bonuses, and payments for freelance work), Expenses/Deductions (receipts, statements, paid bills, etc. with sections for business, charitable giving, medical expenses, childcare, etc.- sorting your receipts now will make things much easier to parse come tax time), and Investments (records of contributions to retirement accounts, dividend income, capit al gains, losses, etc., distribution records, and annual statements- even if you don’t need this stuff for this year’s return, you might need it in the future).4. Go alphabeticalRather than sift through multiple bills under â€Å"Utilities,† try sorting by company name. It will make finding those documents much easier when you need them fast.5. Keep it realWe all have dreams of keeping all of our paperwork out of sight and out of mind, but if you have a place where you naturally dump your mail and where papers tend to pile up, put your organization system there.Most of all, make a schedule and stick to it. If you follow all of the above, you can make a serious organizational difference in just 10 minutes a week.How to Organize Your Paperwork in Just 10 Minutes a Week

Last Chance to Join the Freelance Writing Course

Last Chance to Join the Freelance Writing Course Last Chance to Join the Freelance Writing Course Last Chance to Join the Freelance Writing Course By Ali Hale This is your very last chance to join the freelance writing course. We’re going to be closing the doors at midnight (GMT) today, Friday 6th May. We’ve already got an amazing group of students signed up (over 200!), but there’s still room for you to join us too. Heres what one student said about it: What you supplied has far exceeded my expectations both in content and value for money. I congratulate you on a job well done. (Margaret Huggins, Australia) If you’d like to make a full-time living – or a great part-time income – from freelance writing online, then come on board. You’ll get in-depth lessons on everything you need to know, plus an exclusive forum where you can get all your questions answered. We’ve even got a 60-day money back guarantee: you can take the whole course and, if you decide it wasn’t right for you, just let us know and we’ll give you a no-hassle refund. Once you’ve signed up, you’ll receive lessons each week for the duration of the course – and you’ll get lifetime access to all the materials, so you can revisit them whenever you need to. Click here to read all the details and join us!. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Conversational Email

The 5 Best AP Chemistry Books Full Expert Reviews

The 5 Best AP Chemistry Books Full Expert Reviews SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The more challenging the subject, the more helpful it is to have a good review book. Since AP Chemistry is considered one of the most difficult classes in the AP canon, it's smart to pick up some additional resources to aid in your studying. There are quite a few popular review books out there, but some are more useful than others. In this guide, I'll provide detailed descriptions of the best AP Chemistry review books so you can choose the right one based on your needs as a student. What’s in This Guide? These are my recommendations for the best books students can use to prepare for the AP Chemistry exam (and review concepts throughout the year). For each book, I’ll list pros and cons, sum up my opinions, and provide a rating out of 10 based on how helpful it is for students. The first three AP Chemistry books are your best bets for a comprehensive and effective review of the course material. The last two supplemental review books are ones that you might consider buying for extra practice materials or additional study strategies on top of a couple of the more essential review books. At the end of this article, I’ll sum up my findings and tell you which review book or books you should get based on your goals, studying timeline, and familiarity with the material. The Best AP Chemistry Book for Long-Term Review 5 Steps to a 5 (McGraw-Hill) Price: $12 print, $10 digital Pros Four practice tests (two in the book, two online) Provides study plans that you can customize to fit your needs Gives you access to an AP Planner app that can be used alongside the book (the app also includes daily assignments and extra practice questions) Important equations are listed at the beginning of each content chapter Sticks to covering only what you need to know for the test Has friendly and understandable explanations of complex concepts Practice quizzes and a glossary are included at the end of each chapter Cons A few typos in the questions and answer explanations Summary This might be the best AP Chemistry review book available. It’s aligned well with the current format of the test, and it isn’t too skimpy or too dense with information. It also provides great instructions for structuring your studying, which is helpful if you consider yourself less of an organized student. You could also throw down some extra dollars for the elite version to get a set of five-minute activities designed to reinforce important AP Chem facts and ideas, but honestly, the regular version is perfectly adequate for most students' needs. Rating: 9.5/10 The Best AP Chemistry Book for Short-Term Review Crash Course (REA) Price: $13 print, $10 digital Pros Good test-taking tips for both multiple-choice and free-response questions Focuses exclusively on what you need to know for the exam Thorough in its explanations while sticking to the point and not becoming too long-winded Aligns well with the most recent updates to the AP Chemistry curriculum Cons Doesn’t offer many practice materials May have too narrow of a focus for students who want a review book that will help them on smaller in-class tests Summary This is a strong AP Chemistry review book due to its intense focus on the most important concepts to understand before the test. There’s a reason why it's called "Crash Course": it's meant to be used for a quick review, so it covers the material as efficiently as possible without any fluff. If you’re looking for help with more specific in-class assignments, you should probably supplement it with another book, but overall it’s a great tool to have in your arsenal. The only complaint I’ve seen is that, similar to 5 Steps to a 5, it doesn’t contain a ton of practice problems. You may have to turn to additional resources to test your knowledge further. Rating: 9/10 The Best Book for Practice Questions: AP Chemistry Practice Questions (Sterling Test Prep) Price: $24 print Pros 900 practice questions Great coverage of all the topics and types of questions you’ll see on the exam Useful test-taking tips at the beginning Online resources frequently and consistently updated (every 4-6 weeks) with user feedback! Cons It’s basically just practice questions with a couple of testing tips, so there’s no content overview or advice on how to structure your studying Summary This book is exactly what it says it is. It's an awesome practice resource that can be used alongside other review books. It’s also great if you already feel confident about the concepts but are looking for some extra practice. Rating: 9/10 for quality of questions, but you need to get another review book if you still don’t fully understand the material Supplementary AP Chemistry Review Books Cracking the AP Chemistry Exam (Princeton Review) Price: $14 print, $12 digital Pros Good advice on how to create a study plan and approach different types of questions Content is organized by the six "Big Ideas" of the course (major themes of AP Chemistry that were established in the most recent updates to the curriculum) Two full-length practice tests as well as practice multiple-choice and free-response questions at the end of each content chapter Sticks to what you actually need to know for the exam Practice problems are high-quality and replicate the content of the exam fairly well Cons Some students complain that it’s too sparse on answer explanations, particularly for math calculations It goes through the content relatively quickly and tends to skim the surface on a lot of topics People have noted that there are some factual errors in the book Summary This book is good for practice problems and light review if you already have a solid handle on the material. It's not so good if you’re still confused about complex concepts. Overall, it's a useful review book, but it's not one that will cover all of your bases if you're looking for more guidance. Rating: 7/10 Barron’s AP Chemistry 8th Edition Price: $25 print Pros Six practice tests (three diagnostic tests, three full-length practice exams) Helps you to effectively identify where you need improvement Cons Some errors in practice tests Goes outside the scope of the material you need to know for the test so could be a bit of a time-waster Questions more difficult than the real test (although this could be a positive depending on how you see things) Summary This review book has a big problem with errors in its practice tests. It also covers too much material, so it will over-prepare you for the AP exam. If you want a challenge and are really interested in chemistry, you could potentially benefit from this book, but I don't think it's as strong as the other titles on this list. Rating: 5/10 Which AP Chemistry Book Is Best for YOU? If you plan on buying a review book, you should make sure it fits your needs first. Most students will find the 5 Steps to to a 5 or Crash Course books helpful. I’d recommend 5 Steps to a 5 if you have at least a few months before the test and are still feeling confused about many of the concepts. Crash Course is better if you have less time to prepare and want a quicker review of everything you need to know. If you get the Crash Course book, you should also consider buying the book of practice questions from Sterling Test Prep to hone your skills. In fact, I think anyone would benefit from having a book of practice questions as a resource in addition to a traditional review book. The books from Princeton Review and Barron’s are moderately helpful, but they wouldn’t be my top choices. If you’re an intense student and are interested in learning more detailed information about chemistry, you might like the Barron’s book. If you’re just looking for an efficient review of the topics on the test, however, it's not the best resource. Cracking the AP Chemistry exam is slightly more helpful, but it goes a little too far in the opposite direction and skims over some of the material. I don’t recommend it for students who are still struggling with complex concepts in chemistry. Overall, I think you should start with one or two of the first three books in this article, and branch out into the others if you need more practice materials! What's Next? Read this article to learn more about the AP Chemistry exam, including its format, content, and scoring guidelines. Taking the Chemistry subject test in addition to the AP exam? Find out how subject tests and AP tests differ and which are more important for college. Need some help organizing your AP Chem studying? We have the ultimate AP Chemistry study guide and notes to study with, along with this primer on how to balance chemical equations. Still not sure whether you should sign up for two or three AP classes next year? This guide will tell you how many AP classes to take based on your goals for college. Considering the pre-med track in college? We have advice for how to start preparing for pre-med in high school here, along with this rundown of the 7 books you should read as a pre-med student. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Development in the English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Development in the English Language - Essay Example The essay "Change and Development in the English Language" talks about the various socio-historical influences on the development of the Old English such as the separation of the land from the Continental influences, conversion of the English to Christianity, the assimilation of the Scandinavian colonizers on the English language, the veritable beehive of scholarly activity in England following its conversion to Christianity in the sixth century etc had pertinent linguistic effects which contributed to the development of Old English.In the development of the Old English, there were several socio-historical elements which influenced the linguistic progress of the language. The advent of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians in the British Island in the year 449 proved to be a major event in the history of the land and the language. They occupied Great Britain and converted the major population of the land to English speakers. The following separation of the land and language of the Old English from the influences of other Continental nations and languages helped in the development of a distinctive language in Great Britain. The external influence on this language cannot be ignored. It is of paramount relevance that the conversion of the English to Christianity was one of the major socio-historical influences that shaped Old English. Christianity introduced the influence of Latin on Old English and the linking of the English culture with mainstream Europe through the Synod of Whitby.

Economy and Health Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economy and Health - Research Paper Example There is also a general bust in the infrastructural development with efficient resource allocation to the active macroeconomic sectors (Rodrick & Rosenzweig, 2009). Health sector on the other hand is a key component of any existing economy. Any existing economy stands because of the number of individuals that it supports. This population supports the given economy. Population has to exist for an economy to realize economic development and growth. The existing population must be managed well to facilitate the above objectives (Layard, 1986). Health ensures that a country operates with a healthy population in the process of striving to achieve economic growth to compete other nations. Other sectors that can be compared to the health sector include the education sector, agricultural sector and many others. The fundamental states or proves beyond reasonable doubt that at no point any of the above can survives if health does not exist because the all depend on a healthy population. From t he definition of economics, therefore we can easily define health economics as the study of scarce resource allocation to the health industry (Culyer, 2000). ... It is also the duty of any government in the contemporary world to ensure the health of its citizens at all costs. Health economics sees on how the few resources can be allocated to ensure that provision of health benefits is maximized (Rodrick & Rosenzweig, 2009). The optimization point is the point when the marginal cost of providing health is equal to the marginal benefits of the healthy provision itself. In trying to analyze the cost allocation of the various resources to be allocated to the healthy sector a thorough cost analysis has to be done and then a cost effectiveness statement be developed (Wise, 2004). Several research works have been undertaken relating to wealth and health. The researches have been conducted in both developing countries and developed countries as well. In the developed countries, it is found out that senior citizens can comfortably afford healthcare and in fact, the most appropriate care since they have the wealth and since they keep increasing their l evel of disposable income as they age (Culyer, 2000). The developing countries it is the reverse since majority of citizens in such countries are extremely poor. Only a few rich individuals can afford the health care services in such states hence a great burden on the government. Millennium development goals advocate for six major pillars as follows; that the world will be in the position of providing adequate healthcare, that food will be in abundance, industrial and technological advancement will be at the peak, that the level of education will allow people to be able to perform or engage themselves in basic reading (Henderson, 2011). In addition, it advocates for international peace through peaceful coexistence among nations,

Database Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Database Management - Assignment Example The wild wood company offers fair rates to employees who live and maintain the apartments. It is the tradition of the wild wood apartments to ensure that they meet to discuss on how to improve the standards of their apartments and plan to expand their business in real estate. Tenants fill questionnaires every end month to air out complaints or suggest on new ways to maintain the apartments. The introduction of a database will be to meet the daily needs of the employees and the tenants who live within the Wild Wood apartments. It will also help in keeping of records of the apartments such as expenditure and the rents paid by the tenants. The database may also have records on the margin of profits and losses of the apartments. 4. Building the physical database: The data model will be translated to the Relational Database Management system. Tables, Columns with specific data types and Relational and other constraints created. Time allotted 2 days. 5. Testing and security: Sample data will be entered and each of the business rules and requirements will be tested. General database security and security related to business rules will also be tested. Time allotted 3 weeks. 6. Database completion and installation: Final changes and corrections are made. Sample data will be removed and the database installed on a server. Final testing for server access and connections. Time allotted 2

Design For Disassembly And Transformation Research Paper

Design For Disassembly And Transformation - Research Paper Example The need for DfD, that stands for Design for Disassembly, has thoroughly been discussed in this research paper. Moving forward, it is being attempted that certain computer oriented systems would be made, that would do the DfD process on their own. The researcher states that this would take the processing off human beings’ minds and would eliminate the reluctance that any person may have at the design level phase. It is also suggested that the toy-design for disassembly and transformation of cars be implemented into real world. Recently, A groups of students from the Stanford and the Aalto University in Finland designed a prototype for a laptop that was designed so as to confirm to all the standards of design for disassembly. When disassembled, the electronic components of the laptop get carried into an envelop to an e-cycling destination. The laws made for the successful implementation of Dfd and sustainability should be implemented for sure and the services of companies such as HOBI International should be taken well into account. This company assists in the disposal of electronics. HOBI buys, cells and dis assembles electronics ranging from all sorts of computers to all sorts of communications equipments. In conclusion, the researcher states that the idea of the electrically operated building blocks is given so as to give an idea of the way electrically operable goods should be produced in the real life. This would enhance their usability and thus would serve the purpose of sustainability as well.

Surrealist Elements in Contemporary Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Surrealist Elements in Contemporary Art - Essay Example According to the essay "Surrealist Elements in Contemporary Art" findings, Burgert’s piece reveals the aftermath of an urban incident, the multiple incidents within the painting creating a narrative that tells a multitude of stories, similar to the Bosch piece, but creates the colorful story that is similar to Nash. The nature of the event is not realistic, which places the narrative and the depicted events. The piece by Nash was created at the beginning of the Surrealism movement, his work depicting fairly realistic events in an unrealistic manner. The term Surrealism was coined by Guillaume Apollinaire in 1917, placing the work of Nash occurring within that next year. However, much of Burgert’ pieces can be seen to be related to other works of the Surrealist period. The work of Burgert â€Å"seems to be the drama of the new world order†. The work is created with a sense of theater, the pieces staged to have a narrative that is dramatic and with a poignancy that is both explicit and realistic, but set in a world of color and arrangements of size, shape, and elements that come straight from the dream plane. The work consists of elements that depict the human form as it is stressed, and grotesque. The use of it stretched to the limits of the macabre in order to express the nature of a world gone mad within its own mechanizations. Burgert’s piece Vorkampfer, 2004 presents the image of a monkey with smaller skeletons that appear to cling as children to the image. The creature has a flag in his hand.

Design For Disassembly And Transformation Research Paper

Design For Disassembly And Transformation - Research Paper Example The need for DfD, that stands for Design for Disassembly, has thoroughly been discussed in this research paper. Moving forward, it is being attempted that certain computer oriented systems would be made, that would do the DfD process on their own. The researcher states that this would take the processing off human beings’ minds and would eliminate the reluctance that any person may have at the design level phase. It is also suggested that the toy-design for disassembly and transformation of cars be implemented into real world. Recently, A groups of students from the Stanford and the Aalto University in Finland designed a prototype for a laptop that was designed so as to confirm to all the standards of design for disassembly. When disassembled, the electronic components of the laptop get carried into an envelop to an e-cycling destination. The laws made for the successful implementation of Dfd and sustainability should be implemented for sure and the services of companies such as HOBI International should be taken well into account. This company assists in the disposal of electronics. HOBI buys, cells and dis assembles electronics ranging from all sorts of computers to all sorts of communications equipments. In conclusion, the researcher states that the idea of the electrically operated building blocks is given so as to give an idea of the way electrically operable goods should be produced in the real life. This would enhance their usability and thus would serve the purpose of sustainability as well.

E-Recruiting (HR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

E-Recruiting (HR) - Essay Example The first references to e-recruitment appear in articles of the mid-1980s (Gentner, 1984; Casper, 1985), while systematic reference to the e-recruitment in the HR journals begins almost a decade later, in the mid-1990s, when IT companies and universities begin to use the Internet extensively. Since then, the e-recruitment industry has been developing and it is estimated that in Europe it will have soared in value from just over 50 million in 1999 to 3.8 billion by 2005 (Taylor, 2001). Due to the novelty of the term, different authors have different concepts of what e-recruitment consists of. In this paper we take a view on e-recruitment that has been promoted by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD, 1999). This states that the most common ways to use the Internet as a means to recruit are: - To add online hiring pages to the existing organization site. It is a very common exercise at the moment and its major benefit, namely the minimal cost related with creating a page on the company site, puts it forward as the smartest way to recruit on the Internet (Scheyer and McCarter, 1998). - To use Web sites specialised in recruiting employees, like "online recruiters", "job portals", "online job boards" e-recruiting "job agencies". Those sites ultimately act as mediums that connect the companies with potential applicants. The dedicated recruitment Web sites can take the form of job listing Web sites, which are very similar to printed classified advertisements; work-wanted sites, which emphasize the prospective employee's side; and, finally, online recruiters who make use of other Web sites as a resource for finding clients and customers (Rudich, 2000; Taylor, 2001). - To use a media site. In this case, electronic advertisements appear similarly and simultaneously with traditional printed advertisements in the original paper (newspaper e-recruiting magazine). Classifieds on the newspaper's Web sites are sometimes offered free to anyone paying for a print advertisement. The scope of e-recruitment also involves providing the possibility to conduct remote interviews and assessments, such as psychometric e-recruiting aptitude tests online, and using banner advertisements and smart agents to search the Web. Interactive tools, which link the corporate databases with the Web site, like search engines, interactive application forms, e-mail auto-respondents and electronic mailing lists, are also at an early practice stage (Dysart, 1999; Taylor, 2001). Factors affecting the decision to recruit through the Internet In most relevant literature there are some commonly identified benefits and downsides for the companies using e-recruitment. The commonly cited advantages and drawbacks of e-recruitment in the literature are as follows: Advantages of e-recruitment Low cost The economy achieved depends on the e-mailing approach applied. Publishing vacancies on the corporate Web site involves almost no cost at all, while the cost of putting advertisements on dedicated recruitment sites depends mainly on the coverage of the particular site. e-recruitment also achieves considerable economies of scale in terms of the number of words used because, through the Inter

Empowering Women - Culture vs Modern Life Essay Example for Free

Empowering Women Culture vs Modern Life Essay The world today has allowed women to hold other positions apart from their traditional roles which are being temporarily pushed aside. Temporary because traditional roles and family responsibilities can never be ignored or eliminated and it is this responsibility that women need to be empowered to encourage and give them the confidence to venture out and earn income to meet the demands of everyday life. The 20th century has become familiar with gender equality and more women and girls are stepping out of their traditional roles and embracing success despite facing economic, social, cultural and educational issues. This essay will discuss the issue of empowering women as a strategy used to help women and investment in education as the driving forces of overcoming problems and help forge a better future. Firstly, in our environment today we see more women stepping out of their traditional roles to work regardless of low or high paid income. The disadvantage on the economical level they face is the power of wealth where unnecessary spending does not allow for savings for the future. Women tend to give in to husbands demands and with peer pressure want for luxury items far beyond their affordability. For instance, our environment can influence the way we spend especially wanting what others have, for example, purchasing a vehicle can exhaust funds and create debt and borrowing. Economically this slows the growth of the economy and encourages poverty within families and the community. Secondly, the social disadvantage women face as they begin to take up higher responsibilities and thus, decision making within their household and at work encourages them to stand for their rights on any issues they face. This can lead to many social problems as they are exposed to many lifestyles such as the way they dress, attitudes and behavior changes. These changes can result to problems within the household and the community which leads to violence within families and between husband and wives or women and the community. In Bagdad, Afghanistan women who sought work in town are changing the way they dress from wearing their cultural wear, burqa (clothes that cover most of their entire body) to wearing short skirts and blouses to work. This has angered some husbands and in February 21st Pritka Singh’s husband killed her for bringing shame into the family as a mother. (Fiji Times, March 4 2013 p.19) Lastly, in most Pacific Island countries and some places within the Asian and Middle East countries, women’s role is to stay at home and look after the families while the husbands earn income to support the family financially. But as women begin to shift roles and work to earn an income, most women begin to spend most of their time at work rather than at home. For this reason most families system begins to breakup as children are left to care for themselves and the upbringing by their caretakers are under supervised can lead children to poor health. Also, divorce and broken homes happen when mothers and fathers spend time away from each other and reconciliation is beyond repair. (Personal communication Priscilla Tongi) However, even though the disadvantages are discouraging I feel that these problems can be fixed and overcome as strategies of empowering of women begin to take place. In the past, women were not allowed to stand up among men to participate in decision making but the 20th century has allowed this and why empowering of women has made a positive impact on women so far. Firstly, the advantage of empowering women to do more and engage in formal work possibility leads to economic growth. A study shows that women in Australia who held positions as board directors significantly had higher financial returns, including 53 percent higher returns on equity, 24 percent higher returns on sales and 67 percent higher returns on invested capital (www.wikipedia.org). This shows that female workers use strategies that communicate well with their employees to motivate them to perform well within the environment they work in. Secondly, the mentalities of men as the superior of both genders begin to change as women become empowered and begin to take up responsibilities similar to men. Here women have the confidence and courage to make decisions within their household, workplaces and the society as a whole. They rise from fear of being teased, mocked, seen as worthless and not important and begin to take part in important discussions with males to help their families and communities. (www.ifad.org) This social advantage helps in confirming fundamental rights of women. Finally, Education is an important element to any development within a society and without proper education poverty emerges. Through empowering of women, this strategy has encouraged more women to attend school and given the same opportunities as the male. Universities and other formal education enhances understanding on different fields like health, economics, politics etc to help them make good decisions within their families and society.(www.ifd.org) For example in Honiara at the Anglican Satellite church at Burns Creek , Literacy classes for the rural uneducated mothers are held twice a week to help them to read and write . Hence, confidence in attending community meetings and sharing in decision makings with the community become easy. Investment in education should be a priority to assist women become good role models and with educational achievements of women are more likely to be looked upon as setting good examples. (personal communication Shirley Nokia) Based on the evidence presented in this essay, empowerment of women is a positive strategy which encourages women, whereas in the past, little was done to allow women to step out from their traditional roles and into higher positions. Although the disadvantages hinder women through economical, social and educational issues, the advantages are more promising and through investment in education especially, women and girls can have a better future and make a better world for all.

Advantages Of Downloading Copyrighted Philosophy Essay

Advantages Of Downloading Copyrighted Philosophy Essay Copyright is a form of protection, by which we can protect the things that weve typed or manufacture and development of rules specifying how published. In these days we can download many things through the Internet without the knowledge of its reference and without paying for it. In this report I will highlight aspects of ethics about downloading copyright and its result, I will give a final suggestion to the dilemma. BACKGROUND Nowadays, we can see a lot of people who download many things without taking into account the copyright and that thing is against the low because they infringe on the rights of others. According to what Louis Kroeck says It is not illegal to download copyrighted material as long as you have the consent of the authority. (Kroeck, 2012) Some sites are adding some of the articles or songs and claim that with the consent of the author, but in fact the opposite, which leads to legal prosecution for fraud they had and infringement on the rights of others. P2P network is the largest example of websites or software that allows the user to download any music for free from the Internet and exchanged over a single network. And the most famous of these sites are Limewire, forstwire, and Napster. Napster allows users to download the corresponding version of pedigreed free. People turn to music download sections, some books and other online without regard to copyright and to shorten the time and save money or indifference to it. According to what Max Baldwin says In fact, 95 percent of music downloads from the internet are illegal downloads and only less than five people in the world have been arrested for illegal downloading as opposed to the millions of people that download illegally. (Baldwin, 2010). Resulted in the roping the idea of some sites that are developing some of the articles and to the loss of musical copyright, respect the articles of the law that we must follow. ETHICAL DILLEMA Advantages of downloading copyrighted:- There are things around us may be unethical, but gave us some of the pros, the problem of downloading copyright where a small number of pros are: Shortening the time, where we can find any song or article in any site and downloaded quickly on your computer and it saves us going to the songs stores and libraries. So we dont have to wait for delivery. Save money, where we can get on any album or a book or other for free, which is in fact a precious. So we will not paying for it. Readily available, Sometimes we want to buy a song at the night and the store is closed, so we can get it from the internet. And sometimes some albums or books that are not available in the market and can be found in the Internet.it will be available in website all the time. Disadvantages of downloading copyrighted:- There are many negatives for downloading copyright problem and these are some of them: Illegal and immoral, Known you when you download music or article without the author allow it, you are breaking the law, which allow to your exposure to legal repercussions. Effects on Music Industry, According to ehow.com According to ThinkQuest.org, every year the music industry loses approximately $4.2 billion to piracy worldwide. Musicians, too, rely on the sale of records to make a living, which in turn enables them to continue to be able to make music. (What Are the Disadvantages of Downloading Free Music From the Web to Play on Your Own PC or CDs? Read more: What Are the Disadvantages of Downloading Free Music From the Web to Play on Your Own PC or CDs? , 2012) Virus and Spyware and hacked program, when you download anything the subject your downloading can carry viruses and thats can affect your computer, some viruses can damage your computer completely and you can never use the computer again. Therefore, the question in the dilemma will be is downloading from the internet immoral? THEORETICAL RESPONSE Consequentialism:- Consequentialism refers to the type of philosophy implied in the principle of ethics and its aspects. In essence consequentialism means that the morally right action is the one with the best overall consequences (Grimmelmann, 2009). This means that the end results justify the means through which it is conceived. In case of downloading copyrighted infringement, the first thing is to establish as the downloaded material is right or wrong and does it possess a greater risk if it is downloaded illegally (or infringement). This theory ponders on the fact that is the result obtained greater in theory than from the result of violation. The second important aspect of this theory is that whether that the result obtained due to the downloaded material cannot be obtained while violating lesser or something that is even less than that (Warwick, 1999). This theory also ponders on the fact that copyright law is basically enacted to obtain information and promote creative activities. Although it is good to do so, these are not moral obligations that must be followed till the end. In light of this theory, downloading copyrighted material is not immoral. Non-consequentialism:- Non-consequentialism takes on a different approach in this regard and this philosophy directly implies on the moral obligations of the action itself. According to this philosophy, some kinds of actions or activities are wrong in themselves (Woodcock, 2000) and not just wrong because they have negative results or consequences. Speaking in terms of the issue of downloading copyrighted material, this theory discourages this kind of action. It is because copyrighted materials are the private property of some individuals and the decision lies solely with them that whether they want to distribute that material or not. This theory even characterizes the act of downloading copyrighted material as illegal or theft. There are certain boundaries of freedom that one can enjoy as long as he or she is not trampling on others. The issue of downloading copyrighted material directly relates to this theory as people use their downloading freedom a little too much (Grimmelmann, 2009) and end up downloading copyrighted material for which they would have to pay something in reality. This is the reason that this theory categorizes this act of downloading copyrighted material as immoral. Virtue-based ethics:- This theory is more based on the relativity of action in terms of a virtuous person than the end result of the activity itself. In basic terms, this theory means that a right action or ethical action is one which the virtuous person would do under the same circumstances. Regarding the case of downloading copyrighted material, this theory takes an interesting twist. Talking about the issue of downloading copyrighted material, this theory does not hold any final implication (Baldwin, 2010) as to whether this action can be considered right or wrong. If a knowledge source is being downloaded that can certainly benefit a lot of people, then this theory might shift in this case favor because a virtuous person is one who looks for the greater good. However, if the downloading of copyrighted material is hurting the original owner and fewer benefits in this approach, then this theory might be against this feature. So it really depends upon the type of circumstances that is present at that time. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE In my opinion, the ethical issue related to downloading copyrighted material lies solely with the subject of material being downloaded. There are tons of different things that are present on the internet and are copyrighted material (Woodcock, 2000). These might include movies, music, games, books, magazines and computer software. I have to agree more with more of virtue based ethic here because this theory truly reflects on my thinking of this matter. The type of material that is being downloaded defines as to whether my action is moral or immoral and does downloading it provides me with any greater good (Grimmelmann, 2009). For example, a book that is quite expensive in the market and is out my budget range is available free on the internet; I will download it for my use. This is because I know that this book can help me and other fellow students in achieving personal growth which otherwise would have not been possible if I were to buy it. Virtue-based ethics theory discusses the actions of a pious or virtuous person in the same circumstance and according to me; I fall in this category and have a same outlook. CONCLUSION There is a never ending debate present on the issue of downloading copy righted material where one side strong-fully objects to it while the other side posts its benefits. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of this activity (Woodcock, 2000) and none of them seems to outweigh the other. In the end, it all depends upon the fact that whether the action performed has resulted in any major losses or trampling of moral issues. The major thing to lookout for here is that whether the results obtained from downloading copyrighted material possess greater good. If copyright infringement poses a serious threat to the hard work of an individual, then without a doubt it is considered wrong as the person rightfully deserves the credit for his work by paying him or her. On the other hand, if it has more benefits than risks then it can be considered an acceptable act.

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I do not agree with the theorem that the successful brands are build on the successful products. It has been deliberate that the successful brands are built on the beliefs and not on the products. The most of the individuals don’t contemplate about underpinning the brand they develop but they necessitate offering a good product and earn a good income through selling it in the marketplace. Moreover, the thing on which most of the successful small businesses operate is the good and solid foundation of shared values and beliefs. These values go more than the attributes of the product. By communicating these attitudes and values, the company put itself on the successful way of transacting business and it helps in finding out the company’s real worth and value. The research has found that all the great companies have a common ideology of â€Å"fundamental values and a sense of persistence beyond just creating cash†. This inspires the people throughout the organization. (Vrontis, 1998) The successful brand is fundamental to a number of the factors. According to a bedrock idea or principle, every turn supports a product or a company and such a platform is known as positioning. A brand has no attraction without the element of positioning. The brand which has some sort of uniqueness and reliability, it will get the distinct advantage and attention of the people in the market. The successful brand is the result of three characteristics which are to be different, to be focused and to be relevant. The determinants of successful brands are discussed below: TO BE DIFFERENT Companies can build a strong brand by sticking out from the competition. Putting itself in the background noise is the great loss for the business. TO BE FOCUSED Being focused... ...he customers regarding the New Coke. The company returned to the old Coke following the great level of allegations from the customers. (Nicholas, 2013) WHY DO THE COMPANIES PREFER BRANDING Most of the companies rely heavily on the branding for the reason that the customers are often seen committed with brands and make repeat purchases. It is the nature of the loyal customers and even all the human beings that they do not leave the product, which facilitates them in some way better than any other product regardless of price. Nowadays, the companies are trying to cultivate the loyal customers by treating them in different way such as rewarding them and offering incentives. In this way, the companies get â€Å"the free word of mouth† marketing by making the people pleased to talk about the product positively in front of their friends and relatives. (Brand Loyalty, 2011)

Propose a New Positioning Strategy for Acl Product

New market positioning for a new product Introduction ACL Clean has been a successful product in the Hampshire and the company expanded into the Essex region Market. However sales were low and public awareness was lacking. The company was using the majority of its funds on the products line extension and little on advertisement and product placement. This is the key factor in the poor sales in Essex because the public isn’t aware of ACL Clean and its benefits.In order to make ACL Clean a more successful and well known product, funds used for the product line extension need to be diverted to advertising in order implement a new positioning strategy in the Essex market. The best way to implement a new positioning strategy would be through the marketing of ACL Clean to first time buyers of cleaning equipment. In order to do this ACL Clean will need to promote sales, advertise, and become established in the public. Background In January 1990, ABC cleaning Ltd commissioned the clea ning equipment division.The cleaning equipment division expanded more by introducing new products. In the Hampshire area, effective promotion has helped ACL clean become a success. Market awareness is upwards of 80% and brand loyalty is high despite the high price. Advertising is used in the Hampshire for promotion. Ads target general cleaning equipment owners because the market is segmented more according to benefits sought rather than any demographic such as age, gender, or income. The major media is television using commercials with a humorous approach stressing quality and safety.ACL clean then decided to work on developing the product line, as well as branch into the Essex market. These line extension products were also offered in Essex as well as Hampshire, and there was no competition for ACL clean because other companies didn’t enter into this new â€Å"unknown† category of cleaning equipment. Over 5 years in the Essex market and sales are still low. The produc t is available in most key outlets like Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury, and also in smaller chains. There is little sales promotions, since the website for ACL clean is where the sales promotions are. But there is no awareness of the site.The same pricing strategy is used in Essex as in the Hampshire, but ACL clean has not worked on justifying the cost in consumer’s minds. Furthermore the product line extensions took the majority of the budget leaving no funds for advertising. Without advertising there is no brand loyalty in Essex like in Hampshire. Too much has been put into the product line extension and not enough into the positioning strategy. As a result there is weak positioning and low awareness of this product. Statement of Problems The main concern is that ACL clean has an ineffective positioning strategy in that one was never established for the Essex market.The product was introduced and the line extensions were added, however no effective marketing was done to target the market they were introducing the product into. The lack of establishing a new positioning strategy in Essex has lead to low product awareness, no brand loyalty and low sales. Also, no advertising has resulted in little product position in the consumers mind. Essex consumers are unaware of the product and its benefits because there have been no commercials or ads or promotion of any kind. Strategies Alternative 1 The current positioning strategy has no strengths and many weaknesses as demonstrated in the lack of sales.Therefore a new positioning strategy must be developed. A target market should be defined so that advertising, marketing and public relations can be more focused and effective. ACL clean is a great product with high quality and safety, and with increasing health awareness and infection control campaigns by health authorities people, are more inclined to clean their homes more often. So by targeting the first-time buyers in the market, ACL clean could be effectively prom oted as a great product to help households enhance a healthy environment.This demographic is likely around the age of 25-35. Mainly people out of school, beginning a career or becoming more established, and are able to make a major purchase like a cleaning equipment and want one that will last them for as long as possible. Promoting ACL clean as the product that will achieve this will increase product awareness, create brand loyalty, and ultimately increase sales. However, as many first-time buyers have been using other cleaning equipment or have used other products related to car care, introducing ACL clean as a premium product will be a daunting task ecause there is already an established brand loyalty to other products, even though they are not as good as ACL clean. With establishment of the original ACL clean product in the market the opportunities of the line extensions are limitless. A great way to promote ACL clean in the Essex market would be through public relations. A grea t strategy would be to sponsor an event such as a cleaning equipment show in Essex region. Alternative 2 Another effective means of marketing ACL clean to the Essex Region as a great product with quality safety benefits would be through alliance with healthcare companies and local authorities.Alternative 3 Advertising is the most obvious and effective choice to place ACL clean in the consumers mind, just as it has in the Hampshire. Through TV commercials, magazine ads, and banners on web pages, the name and product information relation to ACL clean would be widely visible. Since TV is a major media source, having commercials that target the demographic of first-time buyers, would make the greatest impact for ACL clean. TV spots during primetime TV on major Essex stations would be seen by millions of viewers. Creating commercials that are exciting and fresh of the special features of ACL clean will catch viewer’s interest.

Is Daycare Harmful to the Development of Infants Essay

There have been many concerns over the past several years on whether or not early daycare causes negative or positive effects on the development of children. These fears are influenced by the fact that the early separation of a baby from his mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. Studies continue to research the effects of early daycare on children The cost of living has made it nearly impossible for mothers to stay at home even in the very beginning of their newborn’s life. This means that someone else will be responsible for ensuring that the baby is cared for while their mother is at work. Each and every day well-meaning and loving parents are forced by economic pressure to place infants, even as young as two weeks old in daycare. Studies have shown that the beginning of a baby’s life, especially the first year is a critical period in the attachment process. The question is â€Å"Is childcare harmful to the emotional developm ent of infants†? There have been many concerns over the past several years on whether or not early daycare causes negative or positive effects on the development of children. These fears are influenced by the fact that the early separation of a baby from his mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. Studies continue to research the effects of early daycare on children. If a mother is forced economically to work during her child’s early stages of development that means that during the child’s waking hours, he will have no contact at all with the person/persons with whom he must develop a strong and stable emotional bond (usually, his parents). This fact has to interfere with the attachment process of infants. In an article I read it stated that the results when mothers of infants work outside the home are completely neutral, but further on in the article (page 63) we learn that child behaviors after the mother works full-time outside the home in the first year of life, together with consideration for the timing of the start of that work, be it at three, six, or nine months after birth: At age 4.5, children whose mothers had worked (full-time) at three months, six months, or nine months have significantly more externalizing behavior problems than children whose mothers did not work in the first year and this also was the case when the children reached first grade. (MROZEK, A, 2010) I) Effects of Childcare on Emotional Development The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) conducted a comprehensive study between 1991- 2007 to observe and document the effects of daycare on over 1,000 preschool age children. The â€Å"Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development,† revealed key areas of child development that were influenced by day care providers and experiences. In some instances when a young child was left with a day care provider, the child exhibited a range of negative emotions and behaviors which included crying and clinging to parents, and screaming or hiding from the daycare provider after their parents had left. These children frequently developed insecure attachment issues and separation anxiety however other children adjusted more readily and eagerly joined their peers, barely acknowledging when their parents had left the room. These children demonstrated more security, less separation anxiety and greater preparedness for eventually entering school. II) Effects of Daycare on Behavioral Development Children who attended daycare at an early age were more likely to develop negative behavioral issues, which included aggression and noncompliance. According to a study conducted by the National Institute of Health (NIH) they demonstrated a connection between children’s poor behavior and the amount of time spent in day care settings. According to the NIH study, elementary school teachers reported that students who regularly spent ten or more hours per week in day care tended to be more argumentative, disobedient and unruly in class. However in regards to a high quality daycare the NIH found that these attentive, stimulating day care environments produced children who were overall more cooperative and positive in their interactions with caregivers, peers and parents. III) Effect of Daycare on Cognitive Development School age children who spent significant time in daycare as infants frequently have better verbal, reading and math skills throughout the elementary school years. This is often the case in children from disadvantaged families wherein they excel more in academic development if they had spent time in daycare during their infancy and the early childhood years. This may be because the daycare setting may offer more opportunities for them to improve their skills. Children who participated in daycare during early childhood tend to have a larger vocabulary which enhanced their language development. Research conducted by the National Institutes of Health published in Child Development suggests that children frequently benefit from daycare in terms of cognitive development. The study showed that children who spent time in daycare during their early childhood continued to score higher on academic achievements even into the high school years. IV) Effects on Social Development Children in daycare settings at an early age had a greater ability to form relationships with peers and adults than children who did not attend daycare. This is because there are instances when aside from daycare the child would not be in consistent contact with other children their age, therefore daycare provides them with that opportunity. Conclusions and Findings After reviewing the research concerning the effects of daycare attendance on the emotional, cognitive, and social development of infants a wide spectrum of results can be noted. I believe that if the parent’s commit themselves to finding a high quality daycare the effects on these areas of development could even be considered positive especially in terms of an infant’s social and cognitive development. References MROZEK, A. (2010, Aug 19). Research unclear on how daycare affects child development. The Gazette. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/746423295?accountid=32521 Pritchett, J. (2009, Dec 29). Daycare opens doors of opportunity; proposed early learning and child care act seen as positive step for young mothers, children. Telegraph-Journal. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/423338000?accountid=32521 http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/upload/seccyd_06.pdf http://www.nationalacademies.org/headlines/20070404.html

Soldier’s Home

In Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Soldier’s Home†, a young man named Krebs is unable to relate to his mother and home life after he returned from the First World War. After Krebs saw death and destruction in the wars most bloody battles, he returns home where his parents try to get him back to his normal routines. His view of the world has changed drastically since the war. He no longer feels love in his heart and cannot lie to his mother when she asks if he loves her. One of the famous lines Hemingway wrote, â€Å"Krebs looked at the bacon fat hardening on his plate.† Like bacon his heart has been hardened by what he had seen in World War I and he knew he must get far away from his parents to be able to get his life back in order. Harold Krebs after graduating from a Methodist college in Kansas enlisted in the Marines in 1917 and did not return to the United States until 1919. While at war he saw many tragedies that changed his life forever. When he returns home he does not get a heroes welcome because many had returned before him. At first Krebs did not want to talk about the war but later on when he felt the need no one would listen. He spent his days reading, walking and admiring the girls but a lot had changed since he had been gone. He thought about going out with some of the girls he used to know and remembers the girls he knew overseas but finds, â€Å"the young girls had grown up. But they lived in such a complicated world with already defined alliances and shifting feuds that Krebs did not feel the energy or courage to break in it.† Krebs has a hard time relating to his parents and he finds himself not wanting to go watch his sister play ball. The climax to the story is when Krebs's mother asks, â€Å"Don't you love your mother, dear boy?† and he answers, â€Å"No†. Even though he had been feeling unhappy, useless, and out of place since he had returned from the war, he had been drifting along, going through the motions. He had been stagnating, spending his time sitting on the front porch, reading, trying â€Å"to keep his life from being complicated†. The final conflict with his mother forces Krebs to face the fact that he cannot stay. He lies to his mother to make her feel better after he has hurt her with the truth, but is â€Å"sick and vaguely nauseated† by his duplicity. As his mother prays over him at the end of the story, Krebs resolves to go away to Kansas City and start his life again, away from the home and family to which he can no longer belong. In the story, â€Å"Soldier’s Home† it is told from the third person narrator point of view. Hemingway, having been a former journalist is able to show how distant Krebs is because of being the type of journalist who is detached just like Krebs was detached by his experience in World War I. As Hemingway writes he shows how Krebs holds his emotions in that he knows his mother will not understand. When Krebs calls his mom â€Å"Mummy† he is trying to comfort her by acting like a child. At the end Krebs makes a decision to leave and go to Kansas City because he feels he may not ever reconnect with his family. Harold Krebs is a man who has gone through a life-changing event and has experienced many consequences made by his own choices and decisions. He then has to come to the understanding that he has to try and rebuild his life as he knew it. Things weren’t working out at his family’s house so he decided to move to Kansas City where he would get a job. This war was a hundred years ago and Krebs came back and had no clue what to do with his life when he got back. The same thing goes for the soldiers of the war in Afghanistan they see so much that traumatizes them that they do not know how to act when they are around their families. Soldier’s Home In Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Soldier’s Home†, a young man named Krebs is unable to relate to his mother and home life after he returned from the First World War. After Krebs saw death and destruction in the wars most bloody battles, he returns home where his parents try to get him back to his normal routines. His view of the world has changed drastically since the war. He no longer feels love in his heart and cannot lie to his mother when she asks if he loves her. One of the famous lines Hemingway wrote, â€Å"Krebs looked at the bacon fat hardening on his plate.† Like bacon his heart has been hardened by what he had seen in World War I and he knew he must get far away from his parents to be able to get his life back in order. Harold Krebs after graduating from a Methodist college in Kansas enlisted in the Marines in 1917 and did not return to the United States until 1919. While at war he saw many tragedies that changed his life forever. When he returns home he does not get a heroes welcome because many had returned before him. At first Krebs did not want to talk about the war but later on when he felt the need no one would listen. He spent his days reading, walking and admiring the girls but a lot had changed since he had been gone. He thought about going out with some of the girls he used to know and remembers the girls he knew overseas but finds, â€Å"the young girls had grown up. But they lived in such a complicated world with already defined alliances and shifting feuds that Krebs did not feel the energy or courage to break in it.† Krebs has a hard time relating to his parents and he finds himself not wanting to go watch his sister play ball. The climax to the story is when Krebs's mother asks, â€Å"Don't you love your mother, dear boy?† and he answers, â€Å"No†. Even though he had been feeling unhappy, useless, and out of place since he had returned from the war, he had been drifting along, going through the motions. He had been stagnating, spending his time sitting on the front porch, reading, trying â€Å"to keep his life from being complicated†. The final conflict with his mother forces Krebs to face the fact that he cannot stay. He lies to his mother to make her feel better after he has hurt her with the truth, but is â€Å"sick and vaguely nauseated† by his duplicity. As his mother prays over him at the end of the story, Krebs resolves to go away to Kansas City and start his life again, away from the home and family to which he can no longer belong. In the story, â€Å"Soldier’s Home† it is told from the third person narrator point of view. Hemingway, having been a former journalist is able to show how distant Krebs is because of being the type of journalist who is detached just like Krebs was detached by his experience in World War I. As Hemingway writes he shows how Krebs holds his emotions in that he knows his mother will not understand. When Krebs calls his mom â€Å"Mummy† he is trying to comfort her by acting like a child. At the end Krebs makes a decision to leave and go to Kansas City because he feels he may not ever reconnect with his family. Harold Krebs is a man who has gone through a life-changing event and has experienced many consequences made by his own choices and decisions. He then has to come to the understanding that he has to try and rebuild his life as he knew it. Things weren’t working out at his family’s house so he decided to move to Kansas City where he would get a job. This war was a hundred years ago and Krebs came back and had no clue what to do with his life when he got back. The same thing goes for the soldiers of the war in Afghanistan they see so much that traumatizes them that they do not know how to act when they are around their families.